Schönbrunn Zoo: A Historic Legacy
Schönbrunn Zoo, the world’s oldest operating zoo, was founded by Emperor Franz I, the husband of Maria Theresa. Originally a royal menagerie next to the Habsburgs' summer residence, it evolved into a fully-fledged zoo under royal patronage. The zoo's regal origins are reflected in its magnificent architecture, which seamlessly integrates with modern facilities.
Home to Iconic Giant Pandas
Home to nearly 700 animal species, Schönbrunn Zoo is particularly famous for its Giant Pandas. It is one of only 27 zoos globally entrusted with the care of these endangered creatures and plays a crucial role in their conservation.
A History of Resilience
The zoo's history has been marked by adversity. During World War I, only 400 animals survived, and a polar bear was tragically shot by a soldier, who claimed the bear received 10 kilograms of meat daily, while he faced hunger. In World War II, aerial bombings caused significant loss, claiming the lives of thousands of animals.
Who Built the Vienna Zoo?
In the 18th century, European monarchs often established menageries within their palaces to display their wealth and influence. Emperor Franz I Stephan, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Lorraine, founded the Schönbrunn Zoo in 1752.
Initially conceived as an imperial menagerie for the entertainment of the Habsburg royals, the zoo featured only 13 enclosures arranged around the grand Imperial Pavilion. However, in 1759, it opened its gates to the public, marking a significant step toward inclusivity. Over the centuries, the zoo has undergone numerous renovations, evolving into a global leader in animal conservation and welfare.
Habitat Zones: Explore Schönbrunn Zoo in Vienna
Panda Enclosure
Houses: Giant Pandas
Origins: Eastern China
The Panda Enclosure at Schönbrunn Zoo offers a glimpse into the bamboo forests of China. Designed with climbing frames and shaded areas, it provides an ideal home for the zoo's beloved pandas. Notably, it is the only zoo worldwide where Yang Yang, a mother panda, raised her cubs independently without keeper intervention.
Koala House
Houses: Queensland Koalas
Origins: Australia
The sleepy koalas of the Koala House are a crowd favorite. Their enclosure, filled with eucalyptus trees—koalas' favorite treat—mimics the Australian woodlands. These marsupials sleep nearly 20 hours a day, so catching them during feeding times offers the best chance to see them in action.
Elephant Park
Houses: African Bush Elephants and Asian Elephants
Origins: Africa and Southern Asia
Elephant Park offers mud wallows, bathing pits, and expansive open areas for its gentle giants. Visitors can observe elephants indulging in mud baths, dust showers, and foraging. Their playful antics guarantee an unforgettable experience.
Rainforest House
Houses: Sloths, Monkeys, Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibians
Origins: South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa
The Rainforest House replicates a dense jungle with multi-tiered canopies and hanging vines. Visitors can spot two-toed sloths napping for up to 18 hours, mischievous monkeys swinging through branches, and pint-sized African pygmy mice exploring their surroundings.
Big Cat House
Houses: Siberian Tigers, Amur Leopards, Asian Lions, Cheetahs, Jaguars
Origins: Africa and Asia
This enclosure, designed with tall grasses and rocky terrains, mirrors the habitats of majestic predators. Visitors may spot lions socializing, tigers prowling, or cheetahs hiding among tall vegetation. Each species displays its unique behavior in this naturalistic setting.
Polarium
Houses: Penguins, Walruses, Seals
Origins: Arctic and Antarctic Regions
Polarium offers icy landscapes with underwater viewing areas to watch penguins dart through the water and seals and walruses lounging on rocks. No heavy winter gear is needed, as visitors comfortably explore this frosty habitat.
South America Park
Houses: Capybaras, Tapirs, Marmosets, Rheas
Origins: South America
South America Park recreates the continent’s diverse landscapes with marshes, grassy plains, and shaded pools. Visitors can see capybaras, the world’s largest and cutest rodents, and rheas, a remarkable flightless bird species.
Flamingo Pond
Houses: Flamingos, Spoonbills, Ducks
Origins: South America, Africa, the Middle East
The shallow Flamingo Pond is alive with vibrant flamingos preening and searching for food. Their vivid colors and synchronized movements create a stunning spectacle.
Orangutan Park
Houses: Orangutans
Origins: Rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra
Orangutan Park features climbing frames, swings, and trees designed for these intelligent apes to swing effortlessly. Visitors will marvel at their agility and enjoy watching them interact in their lush jungle-like environment.
Penguin World
Houses: Emperor Penguins, Rockhopper Penguins, and others
Origins: Antarctica
Penguin World offers a chilly paradise with icy pools and rugged rocks. Emperor penguins captivate with their classic black-and-white tuxedo look, while rockhopper penguins stand out with their spiky yellow crests. Watch them torpedo through the water in a blur of motion.
Crocodile Pavilion
Houses: Nile Crocodiles, American Alligators, and more
Origins: Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Australia
This pavilion mimics marshy wetlands with shallow pools and rocky nesting areas. Visitors can observe these ancient reptiles basking motionlessly or cooling off in the water.
Children’s Farm Zoo
Houses: Sheep, Goats, Cows, Rabbits, and other domesticated animals
Origins: Various Regions
The Children’s Farm Zoo offers an interactive experience for kids to pet and learn about friendly farm animals. This hands-on activity fosters a love for wildlife and helps young visitors connect with nature.
History of the Schönbrunn Zoo: Milestones of Vienna’s Iconic Wildlife Haven
- 1752: The Imperial Menagerie is Established Emperor Franz I Stephan, Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Lorraine, lays the foundation for the Schönbrunn Zoo by creating an imperial menagerie. The site features 13 animal enclosures arranged around the central Imperial Pavilion.
- 1759: A Zoo for the Public The menagerie opens its doors to the public, setting a precedent as one of the earliest public zoos in history. This marks a transformative step toward accessible wildlife education.
- 1854: Arrival of the First Giraffe The zoo welcomes its first giraffe, broadening its collection and signaling a commitment to introducing diverse species to its visitors.
- 1924: A Shift Toward Animal Welfare Under Julius Brachetka’s leadership, the zoo begins modernizing its facilities. The focus shifts from viewing animals as exhibits to improving their living conditions, emphasizing welfare and care.
- 1945: Devastation During World War II World War II bombings cause significant destruction to the zoo. Many structures are damaged, and efforts to rebuild are delayed in the post-war years.
- 1953: Restoration Begins The zoo embarks on an extensive renovation project to restore its former grandeur, ensuring that both animals and visitors can enjoy the space.
- 1980s: Naturalistic Enclosures Introduced A new era begins with the creation of enclosures designed to replicate animals' natural habitats. These stimulating environments provide better care and a more engaging experience for visitors.
- 1992: The Rainforest House Opens The Rainforest House debuts, showcasing a lush indoor jungle that becomes an instant hit among international tourists.
- 1996: UNESCO World Heritage Recognition Schönbrunn Zoo gains global recognition when it is designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, underscoring its cultural and historical significance.
- 2002: The Panda House Opens The zoo introduces the Panda House, home to a pair of giant pandas from China, enhancing its conservation efforts and attracting visitors worldwide.
- 2004: State-of-the-Art Aquarium and Terrarium With advanced facilities, the Aquarium and Terrarium House opens, offering visitors an immersive experience with aquatic and reptilian species.
- 2009: Polarium Adds Polar Charm The Polarium is unveiled, featuring specialized habitats for Arctic and Antarctic animals, complete with underwater viewing areas for an up-close look at penguins, seals, and walruses.
- 2018: Orangutan Habitat Opens The ORANG.erie opens to showcase orangutans in a vibrant rainforest setting, emphasizing the zoo's dedication to providing enriched environments for its animals.
The Schönbrunn Zoo continues to evolve, blending its rich history with modern advancements to remain a leader in wildlife conservation and visitor engagement.
Tips for Visiting the Vienna Zoo
Plan Your Route
The Schönbrunn Zoo spans over 17 hectares and is home to more than 700 animal species. To make the most of your visit, plan your route in advance and prioritize the zones you wish to see first, minimizing unnecessary backtracking.
Get a Map
Grab a physical map from one of the visitor information centers near the entrances or download the Zoo app for a detailed layout of the enclosures. This ensures you won’t miss any must-see exhibits.
Bring Sun Protection
Many outdoor exhibits have limited shade. To stay comfortable, bring a hat and sunscreen, and remember to reapply it regularly during your visit.
Wear Comfortable Shoes
Exploring the extensive grounds of the Vienna Zoo requires plenty of walking. Wear comfortable, closed-toe shoes to keep your feet happy throughout the day.
Visit the Nearby Palace
Make time to explore the nearby Schönbrunn Palace, located within the same palace grounds as the zoo. This offers a fascinating glimpse into the grandeur and history of the Habsburg dynasty.